The new 2019 iPhones will mount a new R1 sensor coprocessor called 'Rose'. Apple already has a new co-processor codenamed 'Rose' and 'R1'. This new chip, along with the A13 processor, will be the brain of the next iPhones that they will show us tomorrow at Keynote.
It is unclear if the Rose and R1 name is part of the launch marketing for this new processor, or if it will match the A-series chip numbering scheme, and Rose will eventually be numbered R13.
As has been verified thanks to the internal compilation of iOS 13, the first function of the copro Rose is similar to Apple's M-series motion copro, giving iOS data about the location of the terminal in space and where it is going. if you're on the go, offloading these real-time calculations to the main processor.
So far everything seems the same, but the novelty is that Rose manages new sensor data previously unpublished. The current coprocessor managed data from the compass, gyroscope, accelerometer, barometer and microphones. The new sensors will be an inertia measurement unit (IMU), new bluetooth 5.1 features, ultra-wideband (UWB), and camera sensor.
With motion capture and optical tracking, you will not only be able to position the device in space, but you will also position external items such as Apple's upcoming TAG key fobs, or assist in ARKit's human occlusion processing. Most likely, this Rose will replace the M-series motion coprocessor.
Important to locate Apple Tags
The new data angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD) that offers bluetooth 5.1 allow to know the address of an external bluetooth device, and combined with other data, the R1 chip will give a very precise location of the new tracker key fobs from Apple. This is an important novelty in the new iPhone, since the current ones, having only bluetooth 5.0, will not be able to opt for such location data.
This is going to mean that If you plan to buy the Apple TAG to have your keys located, also think about updating your iPhone to the new one this year ...